Evidence supporting the use of: Ephedra
For the health condition: Colds (decongestant)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Ephedra, also known as Ma Huang, has a long history of traditional use in Chinese medicine as a remedy for respiratory conditions, including colds, asthma, and bronchitis. The primary active compounds in Ephedra are ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, which are known to have stimulant and decongestant effects. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) texts describe Ephedra as an herb that "releases the exterior" and "disperses cold," which is interpreted as alleviating symptoms of the common cold such as nasal congestion and cough.

Scientifically, while the mechanism of action is understood—ephedrine acts as a sympathomimetic agent, leading to vasoconstriction and reduced nasal swelling—modern clinical studies specifically evaluating Ephedra for the treatment of colds are limited and of low quality. Most scientific evidence regarding decongestant effects comes from studies on isolated ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, not whole Ephedra preparations. Furthermore, safety concerns related to cardiovascular and nervous system side effects have led to the banning of Ephedra-containing supplements in several countries, including the United States.

In summary, Ephedra’s use for colds as a decongestant is primarily justified by traditional practices, with some pharmacological rationale, but there is limited high-quality scientific validation for its efficacy and significant concerns regarding safety.

More about Ephedra
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