Evidence supporting the use of: Black Pepper and White Pepper
For the health condition: Colds (with fever)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Black pepper (Piper nigrum) and white pepper (which is simply the seed of the same plant with the outer skin removed) have been traditionally used in various cultures, especially in Ayurvedic and Traditional Chinese Medicine, as remedies for colds and fever. The warming and “pungent” qualities of black pepper have been believed to help stimulate circulation, promote sweating, relieve nasal congestion, and “break up” mucus, all of which are considered beneficial when treating colds accompanied by fever. In traditional Ayurvedic texts, black pepper is often recommended in formulations like “Trikatu,” a blend with ginger and long pepper, aimed at balancing the “doshas” and supporting respiratory health.

From a scientific perspective, there is limited evidence directly supporting the use of black or white pepper for treating colds with fever. Piperine, the active compound in black pepper, has demonstrated some anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties in laboratory studies, and black pepper extracts have mild antimicrobial effects. However, high-quality human clinical trials evaluating its direct efficacy for colds or fever are lacking. Most supportive data remains preclinical, and thus, while the traditional use is well-documented, scientific validation remains weak.

In summary, the use of black and white pepper for colds with fever is primarily justified by tradition, with some preliminary scientific rationale but little direct clinical evidence.

More about Black Pepper and White Pepper
More about Colds (with fever)

Other ingredients used for Colds (with fever)

Aloe vera
green chiretta
anthocyanins
basil
bilberry
black cumin
black currant
blueberry
capsaicinoids
chamomile
citrus oil
clove
coconut milk
cowage seed
turmeric
elderberry
forsythia
garlic bulb
ginger
grape
green tea
lemon
licorice root
pear
plantain
pomegranate
quercetin
rhizome
rosemary
sage
sphaeranthus indicus
thyme
vitamin C
vitamin D
zinc
xanthium (cockleburs)
mugwort
nut grass
alpinia galangal
pistacia integerrima gall
blackboard tree
boxthorne
buckthorn
yerba santa
sweet flag
hyacinth bean
trichosanthes
aster root
indigo leaves
Avens
Agastache
Ardisia
Acacia
Amomum
Asarum heterotropoides
Aconite
Ajuga
Andrographolide
Aerva lanata
Asam gelugor
Andrographis
Asteracea
Amor seco
Arani
Atractylone
Bermuda Grass
Baikal Skullcap
Baphicacanthus cusia
Bishop's Weed
Bayleaf
Black galingale
Bitter Grass
Bael
Baccharoides anthelmintica
Bur-Reed
Bee products
Black Nightshade
Bassia scoparia
Capillary Artemisia
Chinese Raisintree
Cowherb
Cistus
Common madia
Cinnamaldehyde
Celosia
Chrysophanics
Dragonhead
Eclipta
Fruit
Flavoglycosides
Gnaphalium
gamma-terpinene
Glechoma hederacea
Honey
Hemp
Horsemint
Isoquinoline alkaloids
Isatis
Long Pepper
Indian Fagonia
Laggera pterodonta
Luffa
Lodhtree
Little ironweed
Ligusticum
Linalool
Lewis's monkey flower
Mallow
Melia
Monoterpenes
Mushroom
Oroxylum indicum
Onosma bracteatum
Oxystelma
Phenylpropanoids
Paris polyphylla
Peucedanum
Pansit-pansitan
Piper nigrum
Reed Herb
Sesbania
Smartweed
Solanaceae
Sesquiterpenes
Sweet Annie
Salvia
Southern Tsangshu
Solanum indicum
Sickle-leaf hare's ear
Shogaol
Scabrous Gentian
Tea
Thymus
Tamaricaceae
Tayuya
Umckaloabo
Vervain
Viola
Water Pepper
Winter Savory
Zingiberene
Zingerone

Products containing Black Pepper and White Pepper

We currently have no products on Vitabase that contain this ingredient.