Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Xanthium, commonly known as cocklebur (Chinese: 苍耳子, cāng ěr zǐ), has a long history of use in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for treating conditions such as colds with fever, especially those accompanied by nasal congestion and sinus issues. In TCM, xanthium is often combined with other herbs in formulas like "Cang Er Zi San," which is used to "dispel wind," clear nasal passages, and relieve symptoms associated with wind-cold or wind-heat invasions. The traditional rationale is based on symptom patterns typical of upper respiratory tract infections, including runny nose, headache, and fever. Modern scientific evidence supporting xanthium’s effectiveness for colds with fever is limited. Some laboratory studies have identified anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties in xanthium extracts, but these have mostly been observed in vitro or in animal models, not in human clinical trials. There is a lack of robust, high-quality clinical data to confirm efficacy or safety for treating colds or fevers in humans. Additionally, xanthium seeds contain toxic compounds (notably carboxyatractyloside), and improper preparation or high doses can be harmful. In summary, the use of xanthium for colds with fever is primarily based on traditional use within TCM, with limited direct scientific validation. Caution is advised due to potential toxicity, and it should be used only as directed by qualified practitioners.

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