Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Beta-caryophyllene (BCP) is a dietary cannabinoid found in various herbs and spices, such as black pepper and cloves. Its use for supporting or treating colitis is justified by preclinical scientific evidence, primarily from animal studies. BCP is a selective agonist of the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2), which is expressed on immune cells and associated with anti-inflammatory effects. Several studies in rodent models of colitis (such as dextran sulfate sodium [DSS]-induced colitis) have demonstrated that BCP administration can ameliorate disease symptoms by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue damage. Mechanistically, BCP has been shown to suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and inhibit the NF-κB pathway, a key regulator of inflammatory responses. Additionally, BCP may help maintain intestinal barrier integrity and modulate gut microbiota composition.

However, while the preclinical data are promising, there is currently a lack of robust clinical trials in humans with colitis. Most of the evidence derives from experimental models, and human safety and efficacy for this specific indication remain to be established. Therefore, BCP’s use for colitis is considered scientifically grounded but with moderate strength of evidence (rated 3 out of 5), pending more research, especially in clinical settings.

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