Boswellia serrata, also known as Indian frankincense, has been traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine for inflammatory conditions. In recent years, it has gained scientific attention for its potential in managing inflammatory bowel diseases, including colitis. The primary active constituents are boswellic acids, which have been shown to inhibit 5-lipoxygenase, reducing leukotriene synthesis and thus inflammation.

Several clinical trials and animal studies have evaluated Boswellia extracts for ulcerative colitis. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial published in the journal European Journal of Medical Research (1997) found that 82% of patients receiving Boswellia gum resin (350 mg three times daily for 6 weeks) achieved remission, compared to 75% with sulfasalazine. Another study (Phytomedicine, 2001) reported significant improvement in colitis symptoms and histopathology in rats treated with Boswellia extract.

However, while results are promising, the number and size of human studies remain limited compared to standard therapies. Most trials have short durations and relatively small sample sizes. The evidence suggests Boswellia may be beneficial as an adjunct or alternative for mild to moderate colitis, but more extensive, high-quality clinical trials are needed to confirm effectiveness and safety.