Boswellic acids, extracted from the resin of Boswellia serrata (Indian frankincense), have been traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine for inflammatory conditions. In the context of colitis, there is scientific evidence supporting their use. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated that boswellic acids possess anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, which can help reduce the severity of inflammation in various models of colitis, such as those induced in laboratory animals.

Clinical trials in humans are more limited but promising. A notable double-blind, placebo-controlled study published in the journal European Journal of Medical Research (1997) found that patients with chronic colitis (ulcerative colitis) who received Boswellia serrata gum resin had similar or better rates of remission and improvement in symptoms compared to those receiving standard therapy (sulfasalazine). Other small-scale studies and systematic reviews have also suggested benefits, although methodological limitations and small sample sizes are common.

The proposed mechanisms involve the inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes, as well as modulation of cytokine production and reduction of oxidative stress. While these data are encouraging, larger and more rigorous clinical trials are needed to fully establish efficacy and safety. Current evidence supports the use of Boswellic acid as a complementary approach for colitis, but not as a first-line or sole therapy.