Glycyrrhetinic acid, a bioactive compound derived from the hydrolysis of glycyrrhizin found in licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra), has been investigated for its potential benefits in inflammatory bowel diseases like colitis. Preclinical studies, primarily in animal models, suggest that glycyrrhetinic acid exerts anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. It appears to inhibit key inflammatory pathways, such as NF-κB signaling, and reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), all of which play a role in the pathogenesis of colitis. In murine models of chemically-induced colitis, administration of glycyrrhetinic acid has been shown to reduce disease activity index scores, ameliorate histopathological damage, and decrease inflammatory cell infiltration in colonic tissue.

Despite these promising findings in animals, clinical evidence in humans is lacking. No high-quality randomized controlled trials have been published assessing the efficacy and safety of glycyrrhetinic acid for colitis in human patients. Most existing literature remains at the preclinical stage, with some in vitro studies also supporting its anti-inflammatory potential. Thus, while the scientific rationale is grounded in experimental data, the overall evidence is limited, and translation to clinical practice is premature. Further research, especially well-designed human trials, is needed to confirm its therapeutic value for colitis.