Evidence supporting the use of: Melatonin
For the health condition: Concussions

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Melatonin is a hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Its use in the context of concussions (mild traumatic brain injury, or mTBI) is scientifically motivated rather than based on traditional medicine. Preclinical studies in animal models of brain injury have suggested that melatonin may reduce oxidative stress, limit neuronal damage, and modulate neuroinflammation after a concussion. Some small clinical studies and case series in humans, particularly in pediatric populations, have explored melatonin as a treatment for post-concussion symptoms, most notably sleep disturbances, which are common after head injuries.

A few randomized controlled trials have shown modest benefits of melatonin in improving sleep quality and reducing symptoms such as headache and fatigue in patients recovering from concussion. However, the evidence base remains limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneous study designs, and a lack of large-scale, definitive trials. Most guidelines still consider melatonin as an adjunctive or experimental therapy, primarily for post-concussive sleep disturbances rather than for direct neuroprotection or acceleration of brain recovery. More research is needed to clarify optimal dosing, timing, and long-term effects. Overall, while the theoretical rationale is strong and early research is promising, current scientific evidence is moderate at best, justifying a rating of 2 out of 5.

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