Evidence supporting the use of: Brine
For the health condition: Congestion (sinus)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Brine, which is a solution of salt (sodium chloride) in water, is commonly used in the form of saline nasal irrigation to help treat and alleviate sinus congestion. Scientific studies support the effectiveness of saline solutions for nasal irrigation in both acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. Saline irrigation helps by thinning mucus, improving mucociliary clearance, and flushing out allergens, pathogens, and debris from the nasal passages.

Systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials have shown that saline nasal irrigation can reduce symptoms of sinus congestion, improve quality of life, and decrease the need for other medications such as nasal steroids and antibiotics. The concentration of saline used can vary, but isotonic (0.9% NaCl) and hypertonic (up to 3% NaCl) solutions are most common. Hypertonic solutions may provide greater symptom relief, though they can also cause more nasal irritation in some people.

Saline irrigation is recommended in clinical practice guidelines by organizations such as the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery. The practice has a long history, with roots in traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda (jala neti), but its current use is strongly supported by modern clinical evidence. However, it is important to use sterile or distilled water to avoid rare but serious infections.

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