Evidence supporting the use of: Ephedra
For the health condition: Congestion (sinus)
Synopsis
Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 3
Ephedra, also known as Ma Huang, has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine for treating respiratory conditions, including nasal and sinus congestion. The plant contains alkaloids such as ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, which are known to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. Historically, decoctions or extracts of Ephedra were administered to relieve symptoms of cold, asthma, and congestion. The mechanism is based on the plant’s ability to act as a bronchodilator and decongestant, promoting the opening of airways and reducing swelling in the nasal passages.
Scientific studies have identified that ephedrine acts as a sympathomimetic amine, leading to vasoconstriction and reduced nasal mucosa swelling, which explains its efficacy in reducing congestion. This mechanism underlies the development of synthetic and semi-synthetic decongestants such as pseudoephedrine, commonly found in over-the-counter cold medications. However, due to concerns about cardiovascular and central nervous system side effects, the use of Ephedra-containing supplements has been restricted or banned in several countries, including the United States.
While the traditional use and pharmacological action provide moderate evidence for Ephedra’s effectiveness in treating sinus congestion, concerns about safety have limited its modern therapeutic application. Most evidence supporting its use is based on traditional practices and pharmacological understanding rather than large-scale contemporary clinical trials specifically for sinus congestion.
Other ingredients used for Congestion (sinus)
AconiteAdrenergic amines
Agastache
Alantolactone
Allicin
Allium tuberosum
Allspice
Allyl isothiocyanate
Aloe vera
alpha-pinene
alpha-terpineol
alpinia galangal
Amor seco
andrographolide
anise
Arisaema
asafoetida
Asarum heterotropoides
Asarum sieboldii
Asteraceae
atractylodes
atractylone
balloon flower
balsam
Baphicacanthus cusia
basil
bayleaf
bee hive
bee products
Belamcanda
benegut perilla (proprietary)
beta-pinene
betel
bicarbonate
bioflavonoids
bishop\'s weed
bitter grass
black currant
black pepper
black salt
black seed
blackboard tree
boneset
borage
borneol
Bougainvillea
Buddha\'s hand
bupleurum falcatum
bасора
cajuput
calamus
Camellia sinensis
capsaicinoids
cardamom
Carthamus
carvone
cayenne pepper
chamomile
chen pi
Chinese raisintree
Chondrus
chrysanthemum
cineole
cinnamaldehyde
Cistus
Citrus
Clerodendrum trichotomum
clove
coltsfoot
Coptis chinensis
coriander
dragonhead
Echinacea
echinacea purpurea
Elder
elderberry
English horsemint
Ephedra
ephedrine
eucalyptus
eugenol
European Elder
fang-feng
fennel
ferula assafoetida
forsythia
frankincense
Galangal
Gallesia
gamma-terpinene
Gardenia jasminoides
garlic bulb
ginger
Gnaphalium
green tea
Hedyotis
honey
horehound
Horsemint
horseradish
Houttuynia
hyssop
Indian frankincense
inula racemosa
Isatis
Ivy
juniper berries
labrador tea
Laggera pterodonta
Ledebouriella
lemongrass
licorice root
Ligusticum
Ligustrazin
limonene
Litsea
Lomatium
long pepper
lovage
malabar nut
Marjoram
Marsh Tea
Meadow sage
Menthol oil
Mint
Monoterpenes
Mucolase
Mugwort
Mustard
mustard seed
Nardostachys
Nigella seed
Nutmeg
onion
oregano
oriental arborvitae
Orris
Osha
Osmanthus
Paris polyphylla
Pepper
Peppermint
perilla
Phellodendron
Piper nigrum
Piper retrofractum
pomegranate
Pyrrosia
quercetin
ravinsara
Rhus coriaria
rosemary
Sabadilla
sage
Sagebrush
Sambucus nigra
Sandalwood
Sassafras
Scabrous Gentian
sea salt
Sesquiterpenes
shiitake mushroom
Sichuan Lovage
Sichuan pepper
Smartweed
Solanum indicum
Sophora
spearmint leaf
Sphaeranthus indicus
spruce
Sundew
sweet flag
thyme
Thymus
Trichosanthes
turmeric
Vasicine
Vasicinone
Vervain
Viola
vitamin C
Wasabi
Winter Savory
Wulinshen
Yerba buena
Yerba santa
Yuzu
zanthoxylum
Zedoary
Zingerone