Chinese Rhubarb (Rheum palmatum or Rheum officinale) has a long history of traditional use in Chinese medicine as a remedy for constipation, including in children. The plant’s roots contain anthraquinone glycosides (such as emodin and rhein), which are known to have stimulant laxative effects by increasing intestinal motility and reducing water absorption in the colon, leading to softer stools and promoted bowel movements. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) texts and pharmacopeias document its use for clearing heat, purging accumulation, and relieving constipation, both in adults and pediatric populations.

Modern clinical studies specifically focused on pediatric use are limited; most evidence remains anecdotal or based on historical usage. Some pharmacological studies confirm the laxative effects of anthraquinones in animal models and adults, but pediatric-specific safety and efficacy data are lacking. Consequently, while scientific understanding of its mechanism exists, robust clinical trials in children are minimal, and concerns over potential side effects (such as dehydration or electrolyte imbalance) restrict its use in modern pediatric practice. Nonetheless, its traditional application for childhood constipation is well-documented in TCM, contributing to a moderate evidence rating derived primarily from long-standing historical use rather than contemporary scientific validation.