Cistanche deserticola is primarily used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to support recovery during convalescence, particularly for individuals weakened by chronic illness, fatigue, or aging. In TCM, it is classified as a "Yang tonic," reputed to restore vitality, support kidney and liver function, and improve strength and resilience. Classical texts, such as the Shennong Bencao Jing and later materia medica, cite its use for symptoms associated with deficiency, including weakness, fatigue, and lack of energy—common complaints during convalescence.

Modern scientific evidence supporting its use for convalescence specifically is limited. Some pharmacological studies have identified antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties of Cistanche extracts, which may indirectly support recovery processes. There is also preliminary research suggesting benefits in immune modulation and improvement of physical endurance in animal models. However, there are no robust clinical trials or systematic reviews that directly assess its efficacy in human convalescence or in patients recovering from illness. Most available evidence is either preclinical or based on traditional use.

In summary, while Cistanche deserticola is traditionally used for supporting recovery and strengthening the body after illness, scientific validation for this specific indication is currently limited. Its use in convalescence remains primarily justified by traditional medicine practices rather than high-quality clinical evidence.