Evidence supporting the use of: Asarum heterotropoides
For the health condition: Cough (damp)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 3

Asarum heterotropoides, also known as wild ginger or Xixin (細辛), has a long history of use in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for treating respiratory conditions, particularly those characterized as "cough with dampness." In TCM theory, "damp" refers to a pathological accumulation of fluids or phlegm, often associated with symptoms such as cough, chest congestion, and a feeling of heaviness. Xixin is believed to expel wind and cold, open nasal passages, and warm the lungs, making it a common ingredient in formulas addressing cold-type coughs with dampness or phlegm. The classical use of Asarum heterotropoides for cough is documented in ancient texts such as the "Shennong Bencao Jing" and modern compendia like the "Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China." It is often combined with other herbs (e.g., Schizonepeta, Ephedra) in formulas like "Xiao Qing Long Tang," which is prescribed for coughs with clear, watery phlegm. While there is some emerging laboratory research indicating Asarum species may have anti-inflammatory or antitussive properties, robust clinical trials in humans are lacking. Safety concerns have also arisen due to the presence of aristolochic acids, which are nephrotoxic and carcinogenic, so its use is regulated in some countries. Overall, the use of Asarum heterotropoides to treat cough (damp) is based primarily on traditional practice rather than strong scientific validation.

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