Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 1

Fumaria parviflora, commonly known as fine-leaved fumitory, has a long-standing history of use in traditional medicine systems, particularly in Ayurveda, Unani, and folk medicinal practices in South Asia and the Middle East. In these traditions, the plant is often used to relieve a variety of ailments, including respiratory complaints such as coughs—sometimes specifically dry cough. The rationale behind its use is generally attributed to its bitter principles and purported expectorant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, when it comes to scientific validation, direct clinical studies evaluating the effectiveness of Fumaria parviflora for dry cough are lacking. Some phytochemical analyses have identified alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins in the plant, which may theoretically contribute to anti-inflammatory or soothing effects on the respiratory tract, but this is speculative. Ethnobotanical surveys and some compendiums of traditional medicine document its use for cough, but these sources do not provide robust, controlled evidence. Therefore, while its application for dry cough is justified by tradition, the scientific evidence supporting this use is minimal (hence, a rating of 1). Caution is advised, as efficacy and safety for this indication have not been firmly established by modern research.

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