Evidence supporting the use of: Fritillary (unspecified)
For the health condition: Cough (spastic)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 3

Fritillary (commonly referring to the bulbs of Fritillaria cirrhosa, Fritillaria thunbergii, or related species) has a long history of use in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for the treatment of cough, particularly spasmodic or persistent coughs. The dried bulbs, known as "Chuan Bei Mu" or "Zhe Bei Mu," are often used in herbal formulations aimed at clearing heat, moistening the lungs, and resolving phlegm. Classic materia medica texts dating back centuries document Fritillary as an antitussive and expectorant, supporting its traditional use for coughs, including those with a spastic (irritative or persistent) character.

Modern pharmacological studies have identified several alkaloids (such as peimine and peiminine) in Fritillary species that exhibit antitussive (cough-suppressing) and expectorant effects in animal models. However, robust clinical trials in humans remain limited, and most evidence comes from preclinical studies or traditional usage. The existing research suggests a plausible mechanism for its use, but does not yet meet the highest standards of clinical validation. Therefore, while the primary justification is traditional, there is some emerging scientific support, warranting a moderate evidence rating.

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