Evidence supporting the use of: Ma Huang
For the health condition: Cough (spastic)
Synopsis
Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 3
Ma Huang, also known as Ephedra sinica, has a long history of use in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for the treatment of respiratory conditions, including spastic coughs, asthma, and bronchitis. In TCM, Ma Huang is classified as a warm, acrid herb that releases the exterior and disperses cold. It is commonly used in classic herbal formulas such as Ma Huang Tang, which is indicated for conditions characterized by the presence of cough and wheezing due to cold pathogens obstructing the lungs.
The active compounds in Ma Huang are ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, which are known to have bronchodilator effects and can stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. These properties provide a plausible pharmacological basis for its traditional use in alleviating bronchospasm and cough. Historical materia medica texts, such as the “Shennong Bencao Jing,” document its use for these purposes.
While traditional use is well-established, modern clinical studies on Ma Huang for spastic cough are limited and often complicated by concerns regarding safety, especially cardiovascular and central nervous system side effects. Regulatory restrictions in many countries have further limited research. Thus, while there is strong traditional support and some pharmacological rationale, robust scientific clinical validation is lacking, resulting in a moderate evidence rating.
Other ingredients used for Cough (spastic)
aloe veraalpha-pinene
apple
waterhyssop
benegut perilla (proprietary)
beta-pinene
black cumin
black currant
black pepper
Indian frankincense
cat's claw
chen pi
Chinese salvia root
cinnamon
clove
cowage seed
turmeric
elderberry
garlic bulb
ginger
glehnia root
grape
greek mountain tea
onion
green tea
heartwood
Indian tinospora
jujube
lemon
licorice root
lovage
nettle
ophiopogon root
orange
pear
platycodon root
plum fruit
pomegranate
spearmint leaf
sphaeranthus indicus
thyme
zhejiang fritillary
zinc
sarsaparilla
boneset
mullein
tangerine
hyssop
atractylodes
lobelia
capsicum
Indian bael
malabar nut
alpinia galangal
hedychium spicatum
inula racemosa
anise
pistacia integerrima gall
punarnava
prickly ash
fritillaria
yerba santa
elecampane
coltsfoot
juniper berries
dodder
sweet flag
eucalyptus
abies spectabilis
horehound
soursop
Alcohol
Aralia
Agastache
Anamarrhena
Alpha-terpineol
Ambergris
acacia
Allicin
Asarum heterotropoides
Albizia
Aconite
Asafoetida
Andrographolide
Aerva lanata
Asam gelugor
Andrographis
Allyl Sulfide
Adenophora
Allium tuberosum
Aniseed myrtle
Asarum sieboldii
Alantolactone
Atractylone
Black Seed
Bayleaf
Baccharoides anthelmintica
black salt
Buddha's Hand
Borage
Balloon Flower
Belamcanda
Bergenia
Cnidium
Cactus
Citron
Citrus
Cineole
Capsaicin
Cistus
Cubeb
Cowslip
Calamus
Cyanthillium cinereum
Cinnamaldehyde
Costus
Chekiang Fritillary
Chondrus
Dragonhead
Diterpenes
Dichrostachys glomerata
Echinacea
Ephedrine
Galangal
Ivy
Poppy