Pimpinella anisum (commonly known as anise) has a long-standing traditional use as a herbal remedy for coughs, particularly those characterized as "spastic" or involving bronchial spasms. Historical records and ethnobotanical sources from Europe, the Middle East, and Asia note its use as an expectorant and antispasmodic agent. Anise seed preparations, such as teas and syrups, have been used in folk medicine to soothe irritated airways, reduce coughing fits, and ease breathing difficulties. The traditional rationale is largely attributed to the essential oils (notably anethole) present in the seeds, which are believed to have mild muscle-relaxing and expectorant properties.

Scientifically, there is limited but suggestive pharmacological evidence from in vitro and animal studies indicating that anise extracts may possess bronchodilatory and antispasmodic effects. However, robust clinical trials in humans specifically addressing its efficacy in spastic cough are lacking. Most modern herbal pharmacopeias and monographs (e.g., the German Commission E) mention anise as an expectorant and for mild catarrhal conditions of the respiratory tract, reflecting its traditional use rather than strong scientific validation.

In summary, the use of Pimpinella (anise) for spastic cough is primarily justified by traditional medicine practices, with only limited scientific support; high-quality human studies are still needed to confirm its efficacy for this specific indication.