Indian Long Pepper (Piper longum) has a long history of use in traditional Ayurvedic and Unani medicine, where it is employed for a variety of ailments, including as a remedy for cramps and muscle spasms. In Ayurveda, it is valued for its vatashamak (Vata-calming) effects, as Vata dosha imbalances are often linked to spasmodic and cramping conditions. Traditional texts and formulations frequently combine long pepper with other herbs to address digestive, respiratory, and neuromuscular complaints, which can include muscle cramps and spasms.

From a scientific perspective, there is limited direct evidence to support the use of Indian Long Pepper specifically for cramps and spasms. Some in vitro and animal studies have shown that certain alkaloids and bioactive compounds in Piper longum (such as piperine) display antispasmodic activity on smooth muscle tissues, suggesting a possible mechanism that could justify its traditional use. However, these studies are preliminary, and robust human clinical trials are lacking.

In summary, the primary justification for using Indian Long Pepper for cramps and spasms is based on traditional medical systems, with some limited preclinical evidence hinting at relevant pharmacological actions. The overall quality and quantity of scientific evidence remains low, so its use for this indication should be considered as traditionally based rather than scientifically validated.