Evidence supporting the use of: Pepper
For the health condition: Cramps (menstrual)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 1

Pepper—which may refer to either black pepper (Piper nigrum) or capsicum/red pepper (Capsicum annuum)—has a history of traditional use in various cultures for the management of menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea). In some traditional medicine systems, such as Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine, pepper is believed to have warming and stimulating properties that may help alleviate pain and promote circulation, potentially reducing cramping. However, these uses are based primarily on anecdotal evidence and traditional practice rather than rigorous scientific validation. There are limited clinical studies examining the direct effect of pepper (either black or capsicum) on menstrual cramps. Most evidence remains theoretical, relating to pepper’s general analgesic or anti-inflammatory activities. The rating of 1 reflects a minimal but existent traditional precedent, with little to no high-quality clinical research to support efficacy for this specific condition. If considering use, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider, as evidence of effectiveness and safety is lacking.

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