Evidence supporting the use of: Transforming growth factor beta
For the health condition: Crohn's Disease

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a cytokine with broad immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Scientific interest in TGF-β for Crohn’s Disease (CD) stems from its role in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis, regulating T cell responses, and promoting mucosal healing. There is evidence that TGF-β signaling is impaired in the intestinal mucosa of patients with Crohn’s Disease, suggesting a pathophysiological relevance. Clinical studies have explored dietary interventions enriched in TGF-β, such as Modulen IBD, a polymeric formula containing casein-derived TGF-β, which has shown efficacy in inducing remission in pediatric Crohn’s Disease. These studies suggest that delivering TGF-β via enteral nutrition can promote mucosal healing and reduce inflammation, likely by modulating local immune responses and enhancing epithelial barrier function.

However, direct pharmacological administration of TGF-β is limited by concerns about fibrogenesis and potential promotion of tissue scarring. Most therapeutic strategies aim to modulate TGF-β activity or use TGF-β–enriched formulas rather than pure recombinant TGF-β. Overall, while there is scientific validation for the use of TGF-β–enriched nutritional formulas in Crohn's Disease, especially in children, evidence is primarily from small clinical trials and observational studies. Large, well-controlled trials are still needed, and the evidence is moderate (rated 3/5).

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