Bovine protein, commonly derived from sources such as beef or bovine serum, is used as a nutritional supplement to support individuals experiencing debility, which refers to general physical weakness or frailty. The justification for its use is primarily based on scientific principles of nutrition rather than on long-standing traditional practices. Protein is a critical macronutrient required for the maintenance of muscle mass, repair of tissues, and overall metabolic health. In cases of debility—often seen in elderly populations, patients recovering from illness, or those suffering from malnutrition—protein supplementation can help mitigate muscle wasting (sarcopenia) and improve physical function.

Clinical studies have demonstrated that dietary protein supplementation, including those from bovine sources, can enhance muscle protein synthesis, especially when combined with resistance exercise. Some randomized controlled trials have shown modest improvements in muscle strength and physical function in debilitated or elderly individuals given protein supplements. However, the evidence is not universally robust, and not all studies have shown significant benefits, leading to a moderate evidence rating (2/5). While the biological rationale is clear and some clinical support exists, more high-quality research is needed to determine optimal dosing, patient populations, and long-term outcomes. There is little evidence for unique benefits of bovine protein over other protein sources in treating debility.