Alpha-GPC (L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine) is a choline-containing phospholipid precursor that has been investigated for its potential to support cognitive function and treat dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. The scientific rationale stems from its role as a choline donor, which is a precursor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine—known to be deficient in Alzheimer’s and other dementias. Several randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, primarily conducted in Europe, have evaluated Alpha-GPC for cognitive impairment and dementia. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews suggest that Alpha-GPC may offer modest improvements in cognitive function, global impression, and activities of daily living compared to placebo and, in some cases, to other cholinergic drugs. For example, a 2013 meta-analysis published in Clinical Therapeutics included 13 studies (over 4000 patients) and concluded that Alpha-GPC was more effective than placebo and comparably effective to prescription cholinesterase inhibitors, with a favorable safety profile. However, many studies are of moderate quality and relatively short duration, and most were conducted in the 1990s and early 2000s. The evidence base is not as robust or current as that for approved dementia medications, but scientific validation for its cognitive effects exists, supporting a moderate level of evidence (3/5) for its use in dementia.