Evidence supporting the use of: Fish oil
For the health condition: Dementia

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Fish oil, rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (primarily EPA and DHA), has been investigated for its potential role in supporting brain health and preventing or treating dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. The scientific rationale is based on the observation that omega-3 fatty acids are important structural components of neuronal membranes and possess anti-inflammatory properties, which may counteract neurodegenerative processes involved in dementia.

Several observational studies have suggested that higher dietary intake of fish or omega-3 fatty acids is associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline and dementia. However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have produced mixed results. Some RCTs have shown modest benefits in slowing cognitive decline among individuals with mild cognitive impairment, but most large-scale, well-designed trials have not found significant improvement in cognition or progression of dementia with fish oil supplementation in people with established dementia. Notably, the VITAL and AREDS2 trials did not show cognitive benefit from omega-3 supplementation in older adults.

Overall, while there is a plausible biological mechanism and some supportive epidemiological evidence, clinical trial data do not robustly support fish oil as an effective treatment for dementia. Therefore, the use of fish oil in this context is best described as having limited scientific support, reflected in a moderate to low evidence rating.

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