Evidence supporting the use of: Ginkgo biloba
For the health condition: Dementia

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Ginkgo biloba is used to support or treat dementia based on both historical tradition and scientific investigation, but its use is primarily justified by scientific inquiry. Several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have evaluated standardized extracts of Ginkgo biloba, such as EGb 761, for cognitive impairment and dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Some studies suggest that Ginkgo biloba may provide modest benefits in cognitive function, activities of daily living, and global clinical assessments compared to placebo, particularly in mild to moderate cases. For example, a 2015 Cochrane review found that Ginkgo biloba extract was associated with small improvements in cognition and activities of daily living, but the effects were inconsistent and often not clinically significant. However, the quality of the evidence is variable, with concerns over methodological limitations, publication bias, and differences in extract formulations. Major guidelines, such as those from the American Academy of Neurology and NICE, generally do not recommend Ginkgo biloba as a standard treatment, citing insufficient and inconsistent evidence. While Ginkgo is generally well tolerated, it may interact with anticoagulant medications and carry a risk of bleeding. In summary, there is some scientific basis for the use of Ginkgo biloba in dementia, but the evidence is mixed and does not strongly support routine use. Its efficacy is likely modest at best, and it should not replace established medical treatments.

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