Evidence supporting the use of: L-carnosine
For the health condition: Dementia

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

L-carnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide composed of beta-alanine and histidine, found in high concentrations in muscle and brain tissue. Its proposed use in dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, is primarily based on its antioxidant, anti-glycation, and neuroprotective properties. Preclinical studies (in vitro and animal models) have shown that L-carnosine can inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), reduce oxidative stress, and attenuate beta-amyloid aggregation—mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of dementia. Some small-scale human studies and pilot clinical trials have reported cognitive benefits or slowed progression of cognitive decline in patients with mild cognitive impairment or early Alzheimer's disease following L-carnosine supplementation. However, these studies are generally limited by small sample sizes, short durations, and methodological weaknesses. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses to date conclude that while the mechanistic rationale for L-carnosine is sound and early clinical data is promising, there is insufficient high-quality evidence to recommend its routine use for dementia. Large, well-controlled randomized clinical trials are needed to establish efficacy, optimal dosing, and safety. Thus, the use of L-carnosine in dementia support is grounded in scientific rationale and preliminary evidence, but its clinical effectiveness remains unproven.

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