Stem cell therapy for dementia is an area of active scientific investigation, but as of mid-2024, the evidence supporting its use remains limited and mostly preclinical. Dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease, involves the progressive loss of neurons and synaptic connections in the brain. Stem cells, with their ability to differentiate into various cell types, offer a theoretical potential to replace or repair damaged neurons and modulate neuroinflammation.

Most scientific studies so far have been limited to animal models, where some types of stem cells (such as neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells) have shown promise in improving cognitive function, reducing amyloid-beta plaques, or modulating inflammation. Early-phase human clinical trials are ongoing, but results have been largely preliminary, focused on safety and feasibility rather than definitive efficacy. No stem cell therapy has been approved for the treatment of dementia by major regulatory agencies such as the FDA or EMA.

In summary, while there is a scientific rationale and some early-stage data supporting the potential of stem cells in dementia, robust clinical evidence in humans is lacking. More large-scale, randomized controlled trials are needed to establish safety, optimal protocols, and real clinical benefit.