Melaleuca alternifolia, commonly known as tea tree oil, has been used traditionally in Australian aboriginal medicine for various skin ailments, including dermatitis. In recent decades, its use has gained scientific attention. The essential oil derived from the leaves contains active compounds such as terpinen-4-ol, which exhibit antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal properties.

Multiple in vitro studies have demonstrated tea tree oil’s ability to inhibit the growth of microorganisms commonly implicated in skin infections and secondary infections of dermatitis. A few small-scale clinical trials and case studies have evaluated its efficacy in managing dermatitis, particularly in atopic dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis. For example, a randomized controlled trial published in Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2002) found that tea tree oil (5% gel) reduced symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis comparably to standard treatments. However, results are mixed and often limited by small sample size, variability in tea tree oil formulations, and lack of large, high-quality studies.

Adverse reactions, such as skin irritation and allergic contact dermatitis, have also been reported, especially with undiluted or improperly formulated products. Overall, while there is moderate scientific evidence supporting tea tree oil’s use for dermatitis, it is best considered as an adjunctive or alternative option, particularly for mild cases, and should be used with caution in individuals with sensitive skin.