Evidence supporting the use of: Cyanidin
For the health condition: Diabetic Retinopathy

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Cyanidin is an anthocyanin, a type of flavonoid pigment found in various fruits and vegetables, such as berries and red cabbage. Some scientific evidence suggests that cyanidin and related anthocyanins may have beneficial effects in diabetic retinopathy, primarily due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Preclinical studies (animal and in vitro) have shown that cyanidin can reduce oxidative stress, inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, and protect retinal cells from hyperglycemia-induced damage, all of which are relevant mechanisms in diabetic retinopathy. For example, studies in diabetic rodents have demonstrated that anthocyanin supplementation can reduce retinal damage and vascular leakage. However, human clinical data are limited. Few, if any, high-quality randomized controlled trials have evaluated cyanidin specifically for diabetic retinopathy in humans. Most human studies involve anthocyanin-rich extracts rather than isolated cyanidin, and improvements reported are often modest or secondary outcomes. In summary, while there is some scientific basis from laboratory and animal studies supporting the potential of cyanidin for diabetic retinopathy, the direct clinical evidence in humans is weak, resulting in a low-to-moderate (2/5) evidence rating.

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