Evidence supporting the use of: Eicosapentaenoic acid
For the health condition: Diabetic Retinopathy

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid primarily found in fish oil, has been studied for its potential benefits in diabetic retinopathy (DR). The rationale is based on EPA’s anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and neuroprotective properties. Diabetic retinopathy involves microvascular inflammation, oxidative stress, and pathological neovascularization, processes that EPA may modulate. Preclinical studies in animal models have demonstrated that EPA supplementation can reduce retinal inflammation, oxidative damage, and abnormal blood vessel formation. For example, some rodent studies have shown decreased retinal vascular leakage and suppressed expression of inflammatory cytokines after EPA administration. However, clinical evidence in humans is limited and inconsistent. A few small clinical trials and observational studies have suggested that higher dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids (including EPA) may be associated with a lower risk of progression of diabetic retinopathy, but these studies often include EPA in combination with DHA or as part of a general dietary pattern, making it difficult to isolate EPA’s effect. Major clinical guidelines do not currently recommend EPA supplementation specifically for DR due to a lack of robust randomized controlled trial data. In summary, while there is plausible biological rationale and encouraging preclinical evidence, human data are insufficient and of low quality. Therefore, EPA’s use in diabetic retinopathy is supported by limited scientific evidence, warranting further research before clinical use can be firmly recommended.

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