Evidence supporting the use of: Polyphenols (unspecified)
For the health condition: Diabetic Retinopathy

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Polyphenols are a diverse group of naturally occurring compounds found in plants, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and lignans. There is scientific interest in the potential role of polyphenols for diabetic retinopathy (DR) due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasoprotective properties. Several preclinical (animal and cell culture) studies have demonstrated that certain polyphenols—such as resveratrol, quercetin, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)—can reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in retinal tissues, potentially mitigating the vascular damage seen in DR. In animal models, supplementation with these polyphenols has been shown to decrease retinal cell apoptosis, inhibit abnormal blood vessel growth, and reduce the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier. However, clinical evidence in humans remains limited. A few small pilot studies and observational reports suggest that diets rich in polyphenols (e.g., from fruits, vegetables, tea, or red wine) are associated with reduced risk or slower progression of diabetic retinopathy, but no large, well-designed randomized controlled trials have confirmed a therapeutic effect of polyphenols (as a general category) in DR. The evidence is primarily mechanistic and preclinical, and while promising, it does not yet support routine clinical use of unspecified polyphenol supplements for diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, while there is scientific rationale and some supportive experimental evidence, the overall level of evidence is modest.

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