Evidence supporting the use of: Superoxide Dismutase
For the health condition: Diabetic Retinopathy

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, thereby reducing oxidative stress. Diabetic retinopathy is characterized by microvascular damage in the retina, with oxidative stress playing a significant role in its pathogenesis. Several preclinical studies, particularly in animal models, have shown that SOD activity is decreased in diabetic retinas and that supplementation or upregulation of SOD can attenuate retinal oxidative damage and vascular leakage. For example, research published in Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science and Free Radical Biology & Medicine has demonstrated that enhancing SOD activity, either through gene therapy or pharmacological agents, can reduce retinal cell apoptosis and capillary degeneration in diabetic rodents. However, direct evidence from human clinical trials using exogenous SOD (as a supplement or drug) for treating or preventing diabetic retinopathy is limited. Most supportive evidence is mechanistic or derived from animal studies, with some observational data suggesting that lower endogenous SOD levels are associated with more severe retinopathy. There are currently no major clinical guidelines recommending SOD supplementation specifically for diabetic retinopathy. In summary, while the rationale for SOD's use in diabetic retinopathy is scientifically plausible and supported by preclinical data, robust clinical evidence in humans is lacking, resulting in a moderate-to-low overall evidence score.

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