Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Phenethylamine (PEA) is a naturally occurring trace amine in the human body and is structurally related to amphetamines. It acts as a neuromodulator or neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and is believed to play a role in mood regulation. PEA can increase synaptic concentrations of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin by promoting their release and inhibiting their reuptake. This mechanistic rationale underlies the use of PEA to support the dopamine system. However, the evidence from clinical studies is limited. While animal studies and in vitro research demonstrate that PEA can increase dopamine levels and produce stimulant-like effects, its oral bioavailability in humans is very low due to rapid degradation by the enzyme monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). As a result, ingested PEA is quickly metabolized, and only small amounts reach the brain. Some studies suggest that when taken with MAO-B inhibitors, PEA’s effects on dopamine may be more pronounced, but this combination carries risks and is not commonly used outside of research settings. In summary, while there is mechanistic and preclinical scientific rationale for PEA’s support of the dopamine system, evidence from well-designed human clinical trials is sparse. Therefore, the scientific support is modest, and the overall evidence rating is 2 out of 5.

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