Evidence supporting the use of: European Pennyroyal
For the health condition: Dysmenorrhea
Synopsis
Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 1
European Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) has a long history of use in traditional European herbal medicine, particularly for women's health issues such as dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation). Historical records from ancient Greece and Rome, as well as medieval European herbals, note pennyroyal's use as an emmenagogue (an agent that stimulates menstrual flow) and for relieving menstrual cramps. The plant contains volatile oils, primarily pulegone, which are thought to have antispasmodic effects on smooth muscle, potentially explaining its traditional application in easing menstrual pain. However, these uses are based on empirical tradition rather than rigorous scientific study.
Modern scientific evidence supporting pennyroyal’s efficacy for dysmenorrhea is minimal. There are no high-quality clinical trials confirming its effectiveness or delineating a safe therapeutic dose. Furthermore, pennyroyal oil is known to be toxic, especially to the liver and kidneys, and can be fatal even in small doses. Because of its toxicity, pennyroyal is rarely recommended in contemporary herbal practice, and regulatory bodies caution against its use.
In summary, while European Pennyroyal has a strong traditional basis for use in dysmenorrhea, there is little to no scientific evidence to validate its efficacy or safety for this purpose. Its use is now generally discouraged due to significant toxicity concerns.
Other ingredients used for Dysmenorrhea
alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)black cohosh
calcium
chamomile
chaste tree
dong quai root
EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid)
evening primrose oil
fennel
fish oil
ginger
magnesium
motherwort
omega-3 fatty acids
parsley
passionflower
peppermint oil
phytocannabinoids
vitamin B6
vitamin E
wild yam
gastrodia
anise
peony
dioscorea
trichosanthes
shepherd's purse
Avens
Ambergris
Angelica
Achyranthes
Anamu
Albizia
Alchemilla
Aletris
Anserina
Aerva lanata
Anemone
Actaea spicata
Agrimonia pilosa
Agnuside
Ashoka
Abuta
Arisaema
Blue Cohosh
Blepharis
Boswellia
Bethroot
Boerhavia diffusa
Cohosh
Calendula
Calotropis gigantea
Cyathula
Corydalis
Didymocarpus
Dong Quai
Erythropalum scandens
Eupolyphaga sinensis
Euphorbia
Pennyroyal
Poppy
Other health conditions supported by European Pennyroyal
Afterbirth PainAmenorrhea
Birth Control (natural)
Cramps (menstrual)
Dysmenorrhea
Menstrual Irregularity
Menstruation (scant)