Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) has a long history of use in traditional medicine systems, especially in the Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and Indian cultures, for the management of digestive complaints, including dyspepsia. The seeds, in particular, are commonly chewed after meals to freshen breath and aid digestion. Traditional herbal texts and pharmacopeias frequently cite fennel as a carminative—an agent that relieves flatulence and soothes the digestive tract. Historically, the essential oil and seeds have been used for symptoms such as bloating, mild spasms, and discomfort associated with indigestion.

Scientific studies on fennel’s efficacy for dyspepsia are limited and generally of low quality. Some in vitro and animal research suggests fennel extracts have antispasmodic and carminative effects, likely due to constituents such as anethole, fenchone, and estragole. Small clinical trials have explored fennel in combination with other herbs for infant colic and general digestive complaints, showing some benefit, but these studies often lack rigorous controls or focus on isolated dyspepsia. Systematic reviews note the lack of robust evidence but acknowledge its widespread traditional use.

In summary, fennel’s use for dyspepsia is well supported by traditional practices and anecdotal reports. However, high-quality clinical evidence is lacking, and thus the scientific rating for its efficacy remains modest.

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