Pimpinella, particularly the species Pimpinella anisum (anise), has a long history of traditional use for digestive complaints, including dyspepsia (indigestion). Historical herbal texts and traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda, Unani, and European folk medicine have recommended anise seeds for relieving bloating, mild stomach cramps, and flatulence—symptoms commonly associated with dyspepsia. The seeds are often consumed as teas or included in digestive formulations after meals.

The traditional rationale behind its use lies in its carminative properties, meaning it was thought to help expel gas from the digestive tract and soothe the gastrointestinal lining. Some phytochemical analyses have shown that anise contains volatile oils (e.g., anethole) that may have mild antispasmodic and digestive-stimulant effects, but robust clinical trial evidence specifically for dyspepsia remains minimal.

While there are a few small-scale studies and animal experiments suggesting potential benefits for digestive health, these are insufficient to meet the standards of strong scientific validation. Therefore, the use of Pimpinella for dyspepsia is primarily justified by traditional use and historical precedent, with limited scientific evidence to support efficacy.