Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Xylitol, a naturally occurring sugar alcohol, has been studied for its role in preventing acute otitis media (AOM), particularly in children. The scientific interest stems from xylitol's ability to inhibit the growth and adhesion of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, two of the main bacterial pathogens implicated in ear infections. Several randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that regular consumption of xylitol (via chewing gum, lozenges, or syrup) can reduce the incidence of ear infections in healthy children attending daycare centers. A notable meta-analysis published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2016) concluded that xylitol resulted in a 25% reduction in the risk of developing AOM compared to placebo when used consistently. However, the evidence is primarily for prevention rather than treatment, and the benefit appears limited to children who can use xylitol products regularly (e.g., 3-5 times daily). There is limited or no evidence supporting xylitol for treating active earache or infection once it has developed. Furthermore, xylitol is generally well-tolerated but can cause gastrointestinal side effects in some individuals. In summary, xylitol has a moderate level of scientific evidence supporting its preventive use against ear infections, especially in children, but should not be considered a treatment for existing ear infection or earache.

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