Chamomile (Matricaria recutita or Chamaemelum nobile) has a longstanding history of use in traditional medicine, particularly in Europe and the Middle East, for a variety of skin ailments including eczema (atopic dermatitis). Topical chamomile preparations, such as creams and ointments, have been used for centuries to soothe inflamed, irritated, or itchy skin. The rationale for its use in eczema is rooted in its reputed anti-inflammatory, calming, and mildly antimicrobial properties, which are attributed to its active constituents such as chamazulene, bisabolol, and flavonoids.

While there are some small clinical studies and laboratory research suggesting that chamomile extracts can reduce inflammation and may aid in skin healing, the evidence specifically supporting its efficacy for eczema is limited and of low quality. One small randomized controlled trial found that a chamomile cream was as effective as a low-potency hydrocortisone cream in managing mild eczema, but these results have not been widely replicated or confirmed in larger, high-quality studies.

Overall, the use of chamomile for eczema is primarily justified by tradition and anecdotal reports, with only preliminary scientific support. It is generally considered safe for topical use, though allergic reactions are possible, particularly in individuals sensitive to plants in the Asteraceae family.