Evidence supporting the use of: Maritime Pine
For the health condition: Edema
Synopsis
Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3
Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster) bark extract, commonly referred to as Pycnogenol®, has been investigated for its effects on edema, particularly chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and related leg swelling. Several clinical studies provide moderate scientific support for its use in this context. Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that supplementation with Pycnogenol® can significantly reduce lower leg edema in patients with CVI, lymphedema, or post-surgical swelling compared to placebo or standard care. The proposed mechanisms include improvement of capillary permeability, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory effects, which together help stabilize blood vessel walls and reduce fluid leakage into tissues.
For example, a 2001 study published in Angiology reported that Pycnogenol® reduced edema and improved symptoms in patients with CVI over a two-month period. Other studies have confirmed these findings, showing a decrease in ankle circumference and subjective symptoms such as heaviness and pain. However, most trials are relatively small, and some are industry-funded, which may introduce bias. Meta-analyses conclude that while there is promising evidence, more large-scale, independent studies are needed to fully establish efficacy and optimal dosing.
In summary, the use of maritime pine bark extract for edema is supported by moderate scientific evidence, particularly for venous-related swelling, but is not yet considered a primary or standalone treatment in evidence-based guidelines.
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