Oxystelma esculentum, commonly known as Oxystelma, is a plant traditionally used in various systems of medicine, including Ayurveda and folk practices in parts of Asia. Its use for edema (swelling due to fluid retention) is primarily based on traditional knowledge rather than robust scientific validation. In traditional medicine, Oxystelma has been described as possessing diuretic properties, which can help promote the excretion of excess fluids and thus potentially alleviate edema. Texts and ethnobotanical surveys from India and neighboring regions have documented the use of Oxystelma leaves and other parts as remedies for swelling and water retention.

However, the scientific evidence supporting this traditional use is limited. Few pharmacological studies have been conducted on Oxystelma species, and while some animal model research and phytochemical analyses suggest the presence of compounds with potential diuretic activity, these findings are preliminary and not conclusive. There are no significant clinical trials or high-quality human studies specifically validating its efficacy or safety for treating edema.

In summary, the use of Oxystelma for edema is primarily justified by tradition, with a modest but unconfirmed scientific rationale. Its effectiveness and safety remain to be rigorously established by modern research.