Evidence supporting the use of: Cysteine
For the health condition: Emphysema

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Cysteine, particularly in the form of its derivative N-acetylcysteine (NAC), has scientific support for use in the management of emphysema and related chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). The rationale lies in its role as a precursor to glutathione, a key intracellular antioxidant. In emphysema, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation contribute to lung tissue damage. NAC acts both as a mucolytic agent, thinning and loosening mucus in the airways, and as an antioxidant, helping to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative injury.

Several clinical trials and meta-analyses have assessed the efficacy of NAC in COPD, which includes emphysema. Some studies demonstrate that long-term use of NAC can moderately reduce the frequency of exacerbations and improve symptoms, especially in patients not receiving inhaled corticosteroids. The evidence is strongest for NAC, while direct research on plain cysteine is limited. Guidelines from respiratory societies are cautious but acknowledge potential benefits, particularly for patients with frequent exacerbations.

However, the evidence is not uniform. Some large trials show limited or no benefit in lung function or exacerbation rates. Overall, while NAC (and by extension, cysteine) is not a first-line therapy, it may be considered as an adjunct in certain cases. Its use is thus scientifically justified but with moderate evidence.

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Products containing Cysteine

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