Evidence supporting the use of: 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid
For the health condition: Endurance (lack of)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid is better known as ferulic acid, a phenolic compound commonly found in plant cell walls, especially in foods such as rice bran, oats, and coffee. There is some scientific interest in ferulic acid for its antioxidant properties, which are believed to help reduce oxidative stress and potentially support athletic performance and endurance. A small number of animal studies suggest that ferulic acid supplementation may improve exercise endurance by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and reducing muscle fatigue through its antioxidant activity. For instance, rodent models have shown improved swimming time and reduced markers of muscle damage with ferulic acid supplementation.

However, direct clinical evidence in humans is limited. Most human studies focus on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ferulic acid rather than its specific impact on endurance performance. The few human trials available tend to be small and preliminary, so while there is a plausible biological mechanism, the evidence base remains modest. Thus, while the use of ferulic acid to support endurance has some scientific rationale and preliminary preclinical support, it is not strongly validated by large-scale human studies. The evidence is best rated as 2 out of 5, reflecting early but inconclusive scientific investigation rather than robust clinical proof.

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