Evidence supporting the use of: Esters
For the health condition: Endurance (lack of)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Esters, particularly ketone esters, have garnered scientific interest for their potential to support endurance performance. Ketone esters are synthetic compounds that, when ingested, elevate blood ketone levels, providing an alternative energy substrate for muscles and the brain during exercise. Several studies have investigated their effects in the context of endurance sports. For example, research published in Cell Metabolism (2016) demonstrated that ingestion of ketone esters prior to exercise increased circulating ketone bodies and, in some cases, improved cycling performance in elite athletes by enhancing energy efficiency and sparing muscle glycogen. Additional studies, such as those in the Journal of Physiology (2017), have observed mixed results, with improvements in some endurance measures but not others, and a high degree of individual variability.

Overall, the evidence base is growing but not definitive. Some trials show meaningful improvements in endurance, while others find minimal or no effect compared to carbohydrate or placebo. There are also concerns about gastrointestinal tolerance, taste, and practical application in real-world athletic settings. Currently, the use of ketone esters for endurance is best supported by early-stage scientific studies rather than by tradition or widespread clinical practice. More research is needed to clarify their efficacy, optimal dosing, and long-term safety.

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