Kola nut (Cola acuminata and Cola nitida) has a long history of traditional use in West African cultures as a stimulant and social beverage ingredient. Its energizing properties are primarily attributed to its caffeine content, which typically ranges from 1.5% to 2.5% by weight—comparable to coffee beans. Caffeine is a well-studied central nervous system stimulant that temporarily reduces fatigue and increases alertness, reaction time, and perceived energy levels. Several clinical studies on caffeine, including those derived from kola nut, support its efficacy in improving wakefulness and mental performance. Kola nut also contains theobromine, another mild stimulant, and small amounts of other compounds such as tannins and polyphenols, though these play a lesser role in energy support.

While the majority of modern research focuses on purified caffeine rather than kola nut specifically, studies that have examined kola nut extracts confirm their ability to increase alertness and counteract tiredness, largely due to their caffeine content. Regulatory agencies such as the FDA recognize caffeine's stimulant effects, and kola nut remains an ingredient in some energy drinks and supplements. However, there is limited research on the additional benefits or risks of kola nut compared to isolated caffeine. In summary, the use of kola nut to support energy is primarily scientifically validated through its caffeine content, though direct high-quality research on kola nut itself is somewhat limited.