Peptides, particularly bioactive peptides such as collagen peptides, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), and other short-chain amino acid sequences, have gained attention in sports and exercise science for their potential to support muscle recovery, improve exercise performance, and enhance overall muscle health. Scientific studies have demonstrated several mechanisms by which peptides may support exercise outcomes. For example, collagen peptides have been shown in clinical trials to improve joint pain associated with physical activity and support tendon and ligament health, potentially benefiting athletes and active individuals. BCAA peptides are involved in muscle protein synthesis and may reduce muscle soreness and fatigue after intense exercise.

However, while there is a growing body of evidence supporting the beneficial effects of certain peptides, the quality and quantity of clinical research varies depending on the specific peptide and outcome measured. Some studies are small, industry-funded, or have methodological limitations, which tempers the strength of the evidence. Most positive findings are related to recovery and reduction in exercise-induced muscle damage rather than direct improvements in performance metrics. Overall, peptides can play a supportive role in exercise recovery and joint health, but more large-scale, independent, and long-term studies are needed to firmly establish their efficacy and optimal usage protocols.