Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is an endogenous antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, protecting cells from oxidative stress. Exercise, especially intense or prolonged physical activity, is known to increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress, which can contribute to muscle fatigue, damage, and delayed recovery. The rationale for using SOD supplementation (often in the form of plant-derived SOD or SOD-rich extracts) is to bolster the body's antioxidant defenses and mitigate exercise-induced oxidative stress.

Scientific evidence supporting SOD supplementation for exercise recovery or performance is limited but does exist. Some small clinical trials and animal studies suggest that SOD supplementation may reduce markers of oxidative stress and muscle damage after strenuous exercise. For example, certain studies have reported reduced levels of creatine kinase and malondialdehyde, as well as improved antioxidant status, in athletes or physically active individuals taking SOD-containing supplements. However, results are inconsistent, and issues with SOD bioavailability (due to degradation in the digestive tract) complicate interpretation. Newer formulations, such as SOD encapsulated in protective matrices (e.g., GliSODin), have shown some promise, but large, well-controlled human studies are still lacking.

In summary, there is some scientific basis for the use of SOD in supporting exercise recovery by reducing oxidative stress, but the evidence is relatively modest and not universally accepted. More rigorous research is needed to establish its efficacy and optimal usage.