Evidence supporting the use of: Eicosapentaenoic Acid
For the body system: Eyes

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid found predominantly in fish oils and is widely studied for its health effects, including on eye health. Scientific evidence supports the use of EPA, often in combination with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), for certain eye conditions, most notably dry eye disease and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Multiple randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews suggest that supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids can help improve symptoms of dry eye by enhancing tear production and reducing inflammation of the ocular surface. For AMD, the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) evaluated EPA (with DHA) supplementation; while the study did not find a statistically significant reduction in progression to advanced AMD, other studies and meta-analyses suggest a possible protective effect, particularly when dietary intake of omega-3 is low. The anti-inflammatory properties of EPA are believed to play a key role in its ocular benefits, helping to reduce ocular surface inflammation and support retinal function. However, while the evidence is substantial, results are not uniformly positive across all studies, and the benefits may vary depending on baseline dietary intake and individual patient characteristics. In summary, the use of EPA to support eye health is supported by scientific research, particularly for dry eye symptoms, but more research is needed to clarify its role in preventing or treating other eye diseases.

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