Piperine, an active compound found in black pepper (Piper nigrum), has garnered scientific interest for its potential effects on fat metabolism. Several preclinical studies (in vitro and animal models) suggest that piperine may influence lipid metabolism by modulating genes and enzymes involved in adipogenesis and lipolysis. For example, research has shown that piperine can suppress the expression of genes related to fat cell formation and may increase the activity of enzymes that break down fats. Some studies also indicate that piperine may inhibit fat accumulation in adipose tissue and improve lipid profiles in animals fed high-fat diets.

Human data are limited, with most evidence stemming from small-scale studies or studies where piperine is combined with other ingredients (such as in weight loss supplements). The proposed mechanisms include enhanced thermogenesis, increased energy expenditure, and improved bioavailability of other nutrients and phytochemicals that may also affect metabolism. However, robust clinical trials directly linking piperine supplementation to improved fat metabolism or significant weight loss in humans are lacking.

In summary, while there is some scientific basis—primarily from animal and cell studies—for piperine’s potential to support fat metabolism, the evidence in humans is insufficient and of low quality. Thus, the support for its use in treating poor fat metabolism is scientific but weak (rated 2/5).