Fatty acids, particularly omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), have been studied extensively for their potential benefits in supporting and treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Scientific evidence suggests that supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids (such as eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) can reduce liver fat content, improve liver enzyme levels, and may have beneficial effects on metabolic parameters associated with fatty liver disease.

Multiple randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have demonstrated that omega-3 supplementation (at doses typically ranging from 1-4 grams per day) leads to significant reductions in hepatic fat accumulation as measured by imaging or liver biopsy. The mechanisms are thought to include improved lipid metabolism, reduced hepatic triglyceride synthesis, and anti-inflammatory effects. For example, a 2016 meta-analysis published in Medicine (Baltimore) found that omega-3 supplementation significantly reduced liver fat, ALT, and triglyceride levels in NAFLD patients. Guidelines from organizations such as the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) mention omega-3 fatty acids as a potential adjunct therapy for NAFLD, particularly for improving hypertriglyceridemia.

While not all studies show improvements in histological features like inflammation or fibrosis, the overall evidence base is strong for their use in reducing liver fat and improving some biochemical markers in fatty liver disease. Other types of fatty acids (e.g., saturated fats) are not recommended and can worsen the condition.