Evidence supporting the use of: Milk thistle
For the health condition: Fatty Liver Disease
Synopsis
Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is widely used as a complementary therapy for liver disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease. The active component, silymarin, is a complex of flavonolignans thought to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties, which may protect liver cells from damage and support regeneration.
Several small-scale clinical trials and meta-analyses have examined milk thistle’s effects on fatty liver disease. Studies suggest that silymarin may reduce liver enzyme levels (ALT, AST), indicating improved liver function. However, most studies are limited by small sample sizes, short durations, and methodological weaknesses. A 2017 meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found mild improvements in liver function tests, but did not show robust effects on liver histology or long-term clinical outcomes.
Guidelines from major liver societies do not currently recommend milk thistle as standard therapy for fatty liver disease, citing insufficient high-quality evidence. Nevertheless, the historical use of milk thistle for liver complaints, combined with encouraging but preliminary research, justifies its continued scientific investigation.
In summary, while there is some scientific rationale and limited clinical evidence suggesting possible benefits of milk thistle for fatty liver disease, the overall quality of the evidence is low, and further well-designed trials are needed to establish its efficacy and clinical relevance.
Other ingredients used for Fatty Liver Disease
4-hydroxyisoleucine7,14-Hydroxy-Docosapentaenoic Acid
Acacetin
Adzuki bean
Akkermansia muciniphila
Algae
algal oil
Algal protein
Alisma
Alpha methyl tetradecylthioacetic acid
alpha-glycosyl isoquercitrin
alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)
alpha-lipoic acid
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)
ampelopsin
Anemarrhena
anemarrhena asphodeloides
anthocyanins
Antrodia camphorata
apigenin
apocynin
arabinoxylan
argan nut oil
arjun tree
arjuna
Arjunolic acid
Aronia melanocarpa
artichoke
Ascophyllum nodosum
ashitaba
astaxanthin
astragaloside
avocado
baicalein
baicalin
banaba
barberry
barley
beet
berberine
Berberis (unspecified)
betanin
Bifidobacteria
Bifidobacterium bifidum
Bifidobacterium longum
bile acid
black garlic
Blakeslea trispora
borotutu
branched-chain amino acids
Brassica
Brown Algae
brutieridin
butyrate triglyceride
butyric acid
camelina oil
carnosic acid
carqueja
catechins
caterpillar mushroom
Caulerpa okamurae
cauliflower
chebulic acid
chia seed
chicory
Chitin-Glucan Complex
chlorella
chlorogenic acid
chokeberry
choline
coix
conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)
copalchi
coriander
corilagin
corosolic acid
crocetin
cruciferous
Curcuma
curcumin
cyclodextrin
cynarin
cynaropicrin
D-Pinitol
dandelion
danshen
decursin
diallyl disulfide (DADS)
diallyl sulfide
dihydromyricetin
diosgenin
dithiolthiones
DL-Methionine
eicosapentaenoic acid
Enicostemma littorale
EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid)
epicatechin
epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
ergothioneine
eriocitrin
erythrodiol
Eucommia ulmoides
fatty acids
fenugreek
ferulic acid
fiber
fiber blend (proprietary)
fish oil
fish protein
flavanones
flavonolignan
flavonols
flaxseed
fucoidan
fucosterol
fucoxanthin
ganoderma
ginger
Glutathione
grape
hesperetin
hydroxycinnamic acid
hydroxytyrosol
isosilybin
Jaboticaba
jiaogulan
Job\'s tears
Jurubeba
Kefir
kelp
l-carnitine
L-glutathione
L-methionine
L-taurine
Lactobacillus plantarum
lecithin
Legume protein
licorice root
limonoid
lingzhi
liquid liver fractions
Lycium
mangiferin
Marine fat
Marine lipid
medium chain triglycerides (MCT)
Milk thistle
Monounsaturated fat
Morus
Mulberry
Myricetin
Naringenin
Naringin
Niacin (vitamin B3)
nicotinamide riboside
nopal
oleanolic acid
oleic acid
Oleoylethanolamide
Oleuropein
Oligosaccharides
olive
omega-3 fatty acids
omega-9 fatty acids
oolong tea
ornithine L-aspartic acid
Osthole
Oxymatrine
palmitoleic acid
perilla
Phaeophyceae
Phellodendron
phenolic compounds
phlorizin
phlorotannins
phosphatidylcholine
phospholipids
Phthalides
picrorhiza kurroa
Pinitol
Polydatin
polyphenols
prebiotic blend (proprietary)
psyllium
pu-er tea
Puerarin
punarnava
punicalagins
purple tea
rapeseed oil
Rebaudioside
reishi mushroom
resveratrol
rhubarb
S-allylcysteine
Salacia
Salvianolic acid
Schisandrins
Schizochytrium
Schizochytrium Oil
seaweed
sesame
Sesamin
Silybin
Silychristin
Silydianin
silymarin
Sinensetin
spirulina
Syringic acid
Tangeretin
Tanshinone
Taurine
Taxifolin
Tetradecylthioacetic acid
Theabrownin
Thistle
tocotrienols
Trans-pterostilbene
Trehalose
tributyrin
Trimethylglycine (TMG)
Triphala
turmeric
Tyrosol
Urolithin A
Ursolic Acid
Varuna
vitamin C
vitamin E
Wakame
Walnut
Wax Gourd
Yacon
Yin Chen
Zinc
Zucchini
β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)
Other health conditions supported by Milk thistle
Abdominal PainAddictions (general remedies for)
Alcoholism
Cancer Treatment (reducing side effects)
Chemical Poisoning
Chemotherapy (reducing side effects)
Cirrhosis of the Liver
Environmental Pollution
Fat Metabolism (poor)
Fatty Liver Disease
Fibrosis
Gall Bladder (sluggish or removed)
Gall Stones
Hangover
Heavy Metal Poisoning
Hepatitis
Jaundice (adults)
Liver Detoxification
Poisoning (general)
Products containing Milk thistle
Pure Encapsulations
AntiOxidant Formula
Metagenics
Axis Endo™ Mango
Integrative Therapeutics
Detoxication Factors
Integrative Therapeutics
Detoxication Factors
Pure Encapsulations
Digestion GB
Pure Encapsulations
Digestion GB
Pure Encapsulations
DIM Detox
Designs For Health
Hepatatone Plus™
Vitabase
Life's Essentials Plus
Designs For Health
Liposomal B Supreme
Integrative Therapeutics
Lipotropic Complex
Pure Encapsulations
Lipotropic Detox
Thorne
Liver Cleanse
Pure Encapsulations
Liver G.I. Detox
Designs For Health
LV-GB Complex™
Pure Encapsulations
LVR Formula
Pure Encapsulations
LVR Formula
Thorne
MediClear Plus
Designs For Health
Milk Thistle
Douglas Laboratories
Milk Thistle Max-V
Designs For Health
PaleoCleanse Plus™
Designs For Health
PaleoCleanse Plus™
Designs For Health
PaleoCleanse Plus™ Detox Program
Designs For Health
PaleoCleanse Plus™Chocolate Detox Kit
Metagenics
PhytoGanix® Tropical Fruit
Designs For Health
Plant Protein Cleanse
Designs For Health
Plant Protein Cleanse Plus™ 570g
Thorne
S.A.T.
Thorne
Siliphos Milk Thistle
Pure Encapsulations
Silymarin
Pure Encapsulations
Silymarin
Metagenics
Silymarin 80™
Douglas Laboratories
Silymarin/Milk Thistle Extract
Pure Encapsulations
SP Ultimate
Pure Encapsulations
SP Ultimate
Integrative Therapeutics
Super Milk Thistle X
Pure Encapsulations
Ultra Pure Pack
Pure Encapsulations
UltraDetox 10-Day Pure Pack
Pure Encapsulations
UltraNutrient®
Pure Encapsulations
UltraNutrient®
Pure Encapsulations
UltraNutrient®
Vitabase
Vision Support
