Bee propolis has been traditionally used for a variety of ailments, but in recent years, several scientific studies have investigated its antifungal properties. Propolis is a resin-like material produced by bees from plant sources, and it contains a complex mixture of polyphenols, flavonoids, and aromatic acids. In vitro studies have consistently demonstrated that propolis extracts exhibit antifungal activity against a range of pathogenic fungi, including Candida albicans, Aspergillus species, and dermatophytes. The proposed mechanisms include disruption of fungal cell walls and inhibition of fungal enzymes.

Although laboratory results are promising, clinical research in humans is still limited. Some small-scale clinical studies and case reports have suggested benefits of topical propolis preparations in the treatment of oral candidiasis and cutaneous fungal infections, especially as an adjunct to conventional therapies. However, robust randomized controlled trials are lacking, and evidence for systemic use is insufficient. The safety profile of propolis is generally favorable, but allergic reactions can occur, particularly in individuals with bee product sensitivities.

In summary, there is scientific basis at the preclinical and early clinical levels for the antifungal use of bee propolis, but high-quality human trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and establish optimal usage guidelines.